Your body needs a variety of nutritional building blocks to build cartilage,  muscle, and bone. So eating well and taking the right supplements is necessary.  But it isn't sufficient. To grow muscle and bone, the body needs work. Muscles  grow in response to the demands that are placed on them. Bones grow in response  to the stress that a muscle exerts on it. Without that muscular stress, neither  the muscle nor the bone will grow. And, unless pushed, the body simply stops  building cartilage after a certain age. 
I say, "unless pushed", because serious resistance training (e.g. weight  training) does seem to be effective, as long as the building blocks are present.  The right kind of weight training triggers a release of growth hormone that  tells your body to put those materials to work. It then builds muscle, bone, and  even cartilage.
Somewhere along the line, I read that cartilage only grows when growth  hormone is present. And growth hormone levels tend to drop off as we age--much  more so if we don't engage in the kinds of vigorous activities we used to do as  kids. And from personal experience, I know that my knees improved after a  serious bout of weight training.
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